Which statistical method is used to summarize basic characteristics of a dataset?

• A. Descriptive
• B. Predictive
• C. Inferential
• D. Prescriptive

Answer: (A)

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize the main features of a dataset, turning raw numbers into a clear picture of what the data look like. They describe basic characteristics such as central tendency (mean, median, mode), spread (range, variance, standard deviation), and distribution shape, often using simple summaries or visuals like histograms and boxplots. This lets you understand the data at a glance, without making inferences beyond what’s in the dataset.

Predictive methods estimate future values based on patterns in the data. Inferential statistics draw conclusions about a larger population from a sample. Prescriptive analytics suggest actions to optimize outcomes. These approaches go beyond merely describing the data, which is why descriptive statistics is the best fit for summarizing basic characteristics.