Which data management artifact documents the data elements and metadata, including definitions and data types?

• A. Data lineage
• B. Data flow diagram
• C. Data dictionary
• D. Data versioning

Answer: (C)

Documenting data elements and their metadata, including definitions and data types, is the function of a data dictionary. It serves as a centralized reference that defines each field: its name, description, data type (such as integer, decimal, string, date), size or precision, whether nulls are allowed, default values, and any constraints or business rules. It may also note the data’s source system and ownership, along with related notes about usage and governance. This clarity ensures everyone interpreting the data uses consistent terminology and formats, which supports data quality, governance, and reliable reporting.

Data lineage shows where data comes from and how it’s transformed, not the precise definitions or data types of each element. A data flow diagram maps how data moves between processes, rather than detailing the data element definitions. Data versioning tracks changes to data or schemas over time, not the current definitions and types of elements.