In data governance context, what is essential?

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Establishing policies and processes to ensure data quality, privacy, and security is essential in data governance. This creates the framework for how data is managed—who can access it, how data quality is defined and measured, and what controls protect sensitive information. Such governance brings consistency, trust, regulatory compliance, and clear accountability across the data lifecycle, from collection through usage to retention. Without these structures, data can become unreliable, privacy can be violated, and security risks rise. The other options describe tools or activities that support data work but do not establish the ongoing management, standards, and controls that governance requires.